Activity: Simulations – Using Hardy-Weinberg Simulator for Population Genetics
Instructions:
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Tool Selection:
Use a Hardy-Weinberg simulation tool (examples include: Biology Simulations - Hardy-Weinberg, Learn Genetics Simulator, PHET, or any online simulator). -
Initial Setup:
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Start with a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumptions:
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Large population size
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Random mating
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No mutation
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No migration
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No selection
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Set initial allele frequencies (e.g., A = 0.6, a = 0.4). Run the simulation for 5–10 generations and record the frequencies of AA, Aa, and aa genotypes.
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Apply Evolutionary Forces (Run 3 Scenarios):
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Genetic Drift: Reduce population size drastically and observe fluctuations in allele frequencies.
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Natural Selection: Apply selection against a genotype (e.g., aa) and observe how allele frequencies shift.
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Migration: Simulate the introduction of individuals from a different population with different allele frequencies.
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Record & Analyze:
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Take screenshots or note values from each generation.
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Create a simple line graph (using Excel or online chart tools) showing changes in allele frequencies across generations for each scenario.
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Reflection Questions (Answer Briefly):
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What conditions must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to hold true?
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How did each evolutionary force affect the allele frequencies?
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Which scenario showed the most drastic change and why?
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